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The characteristics of inheritance of the throne in the Shang Dynasty
Author: Du Yong Li Lingling
Source: “History Collection” Issue 2, 2021
Abstract:The thirty emperors and thirty generations have been born in the Shang Dynasty, and fourteen brothers and thrones have been born in the throne. Nine generations are brothers and brothers. Although the Yin royal family was divided into marriage, they were not complete and could not complete. They failed to further distinguish the future of inheriting the throne. Therefore, they could not form a patriarchal system with different sects. As the intermediary of his brother and Qiao Liang, Zi was the son of his elder brother at the beginning. When Xiao Yi was young, he turned into Ji Di’s son, and later Wu Yi became the son of his future eldest son. Although the relationship between the son and the follower has changed, it was basically the same as the brother and the younger brother before Wu Yi, which shows the characteristics of the inheritance of the throne in the Shang Dynasty. In the early Zhou Dynasty, he inherited the political inheritance of the late Shang Dynasty and established a more strict Continuation of the Tomorrow’s eldest son, and thus became one of the major political systems that have not been easy for generations.
Keywords:Shang Dynasty; Continuing Law; Brother and Brother; Zhou Festival
Fund Item:This article is one of the phased results of the National Social Science Fund’s “Multi-Volume History of the Western Zhou Dynasty” (17ZDA1789).
Author introduction: Du Yong, professor and doctoral supervisor of Tianjin Teachers and College of History and Civilization, the purpose of the seminar is pre-Qin history; Li Lingling, doctoral student of Tianjin Teachers and College of History and Civilization, and associate professor of Henan Academy of Social Sciences.
Regarding the inheritance of the throne in the Shang Dynasty, since Wang Guowei proposed in his famous article “The System of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties” that “he took his younger brother and son to carry it together”[1], he was widely recognized by the academic community. However, some scholars also hold different opinions, believing that the Shang Dynasty’s Continuation method was to use Ziyuan and younger brothers together, or Ziyuan was the main younger brothers and brothers as the main younger brothers and brothers, and Ziyuan had many other ways of establishing tomorrow, establishing a young man, establishing a strong man, and establishing a strong man, which has not been eliminated. Taking the new developments discussed in today’s oracle bone science, Wang said this may have a poor location, “Sister, wipe your clothes first.” But the basic viewpoint is not inappropriate. This article briefly discusses related issues to help you explain the correct answer.
1. The main problems of the Shang Dynasty’s reign
The basic energy of inheriting the throne of the Shang Dynasty was preserved in the memory of Yin in the Zhou Dynasty. During his age, Duke Xuan of Song was seriously ill and decided to establish his younger brother as the king. He said: “The father passed away and the son was reborn, and the brother passed away and the younger brother was reborn, which was universally polite.” [2] Of course, this statement is too far from the scheming, and the idea of establishing his younger brother is not helpful for us to understand the scheming system in the Shang Dynasty. With his unique eyes and deep observation, Wang Guowei has developed unprecedented opportunities for future generations to propose Bao Shengcai Sweetheart Network: “The system of Shang is based on the younger brother and the younger brother, and then the younger brother is used to carry it. From the thirty emperors of Emperor Xin, there were fourteen emperors who had younger brothers. Those who had younger sons and fathers were not the sons of brothers, but were mostly younger sons. …The merchants have no system of tomorrow, so they cannot have the patriarchal law. ”[3] As Wang said, there are many outstanding opinions.
Regarding the main problem of Shang Dynasty’s reign, Master Chen Mengjia, believed that “the son and brother are used together, and there is no distinction between main and solid”, and regardless of the merchant’s reign “is a characteristic of his reign.” [4] In fact, this kind of reign does not mean for many years, because the reign finally has a traditional one. Heaven, if you don’t convey the son, you don’t think it’s a stead. Transcend the son is the intermediary and the bridge and beam of the younger generation. It is necessary to use both together. As for saying that the son is the main, the younger generation is the unity, [5] or the son is the constant, the younger generation is the change, [6] or the son is the tomorrow, [7] or the younger generation is the young generation, [8] or the righteous generation is the strong, and [9] is also lacking in foundation.
BaoqingTo understand the characteristics of the inheritance of the throne in the Shang Dynasty, we need to first examine the throne after Shang Tang. According to the “History Records: Yin Benzi”, the Shang Dynasty has been from Tang to thirty kings. According to whether he can have a son to inherit the throne, he can also be divided into direct and side kings and side kings. Two categories. The Zhixian king is the focus and main axle of the Shang king’s time. After his death, he paid homage to the previous king Long Chong, and enjoyed a special position in the ancestral temple. Bu Yuanyan confessed that in addition to the order of the Shang people’s first official B, C, and Ding, the order of the ascension of the throne by the Shang people was misplaced, there were two results worth noting: First, although the father of Zhong Ding was a Zhixian king, he was not the younger brother of Yong Ji, but Yong Ji The second brother, the second brother of Xiao Jia; the second is Zu Yi, who is the son of Zhong Ding, not He Tan Jia. He Tan Jia (阿子) is the former king of the side, and Zhong Ding is the former king of the direct king. This has the main academic meaning for correcting the mistakes of “Yin Benzi” and reconstructing the correct Shang king’s world.
The situation of the previous king of the side is quite complicated and has a serious difference with the literary world. There are two important issues: one is that Zhongren, Woding and Wei Xin did not see the Zhou Dynasty’s sacrificial rituals. Can they have no one, or they have not ascended the throne and become king, or they have different laws and regulations; the other is that the order of the Zhou Dynasty’s sacrificial rituals is after the Big A. Can he continue to be after the Big A? The Oracle Bone Bu Lin has found more than 100,000 pieces, which seem to be large in quantity, and there are certain details, but the data is still 博官网 is lacking, so it is easy to say, but it is not difficult to say. However, the study of Zhou sacrificial system in the Shang Dynasty was not very clear about some problems, and one should also be cautious when examining history.
Everyone believes that “the order of the tribute of the previous kings in Zhou Dynasty was set based on the order of their ascension to the throne, that is, the first to ascension to the throne was first commemorated, and then ascension to the throne was first commemorated, and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne and then ascension to the throne.Period of maintenance. This is the principle of the Zhou Dynasty’s tribute.” [10] In the second year of Duke Wen of Zuo (625 BC), he mentioned ancient gifts: “Although the son is sage, he will not eat before his father.” [11] means that even if the son is wise and wise, he will not be able to enjoy the tribute before his father. This is why the order of the Zhou Dynasty’s tribute is not only in line with the day stem of the Shang King’s throne, but also truly reflects the order of the Shang King’s ascension. It should be said that the foundation of the Zhou Dynasty’s tribute has done this, but for some special circumstances, the order of the sacrifice and the order of the ascension of the throne is not completely consistent, so the phenomenon of “reverse sacrifice” is occasionally Short-term maintenance Seen. [12] Teacher Wang Yuzhe once pointed out: “If the sacrifice is not seen, it must be consistent with the ascension order. Later generations, sons, who worshipped their ancestors, were able to sometimes place their ancestors before the sidelines. Therefore, we cannot change the order of throne in a very rigid manner. ”[13] This is extremely obvious and deserves our high attention. The reason for this is that the sects and branches of the previous kings had long been determined, and the Zhou sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sac
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